|
ACTH |
2003427
Adrenocorticotropic hormone:
- Subclassifies pituitary adenomas
|
|
Adenovirus |
2003430
- Specific to all subtypes of adenovirus
|
|
AE1/AE3 |
2003433
- Cytokeratin antibody cocktail for acidic and basic cytokeratins
|
|
ALK-1 |
2003439
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase 1:
- Reacts with the NPM-ALK fusion protein expressed by t(2;5) positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas
|
|
Alpha Fetoprotein |
2003436
- Expressed by neoplastic liver and gonad tissue
- Aids in identifying bladder carcinomas, yolk sac tumors, some germ cell tumors and a high proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma
|
|
Alpha Synuclien |
2003419
aSynuclien (SNCA):
- Demonstrates Lewy bodies in brain cells associated with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.
|
|
Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin |
2003418
Alpha 1 ACT:
- Aids in identifying hepatomas and some germ cell neoplasms
- Histiocyte marker for normal/neoplastic tissue
|
|
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin |
2003424
Alpha 1 AT:
- Expressed by cells of histolytic origin
- Aids in identifying germ cell and histolytic neoplasms, as well as embryonal and some lung carcinomas
|
|
B72.3 |
2003445
Tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG.72):
- Recognizes tumor-associated oncofetal antigen
- Aids in identifying adenocarcinomas and breast carcinomas
|
|
BAf47/Ini-1 |
2003448
- Indicative of a tumor suppressor role
- Heterozygous tumors in the soft tissues of the head and neck
|
|
BCL-2 |
2004513
B-cell lymphoma-2:
- Proto-oncogene
- Over expression increases life span in B-cells
- Aids in identifying colorectal adenomas, carcinomas
- Distinguishes follicular lymphoma from reactive follicles
|
|
BCL-6 |
2003457
- Transcription factor important in germinal center formation
- Aids in identifying large cell lymphomas, Burkitt lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma (nodular, lymphocyte predominant)
|
|
Ber-Ep4 |
2003463
- Epithelial cell membrane glycoprotein
- Differentiates mesothelial from epithelial cells
- Aids in identifying mammary Paget disease, lung adenocarcinomas, trichoepitheliomas, dermatofibromas, basal cell carcinomas, and other carcinomas
|
|
Beta F-1 |
2003466
Beta framework 1; BF-1:
- Recognizes T-cell receptor (TCR) beta subunit
- Aids in characterizing alpha-beta T-cell receptors from T-cell clones or polyclonal populations of T-cells
- Aids in diagnosing T-cell lineage neoplasms
|
|
Beta-Catenin |
2003454
- Binds to cytoplasmic region of e-cadherin molecule
- Plays a role in cell adhesion, signal transmission, and actin cytoskeleton anchoring
- Aids in identifying skin, liver, ovary, brain, prostate, and some breast cancers, as well as endometrial, ovarian, and colon carcinomas
|
|
BK Virus |
2004137
- B-galactosidase — BK virus large T 9amino acids 622-695 fusion protein)
- Does not react with JCV virus, SV40, or polyoma large T antigens
|
|
BOB.1 |
2003442
B-cell Oct-binding protein 1; OBF-1 —:
- Expressed in spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes, Reed-Sternberg cells, B-cells, and germinal centers
- Aids in differentiating Hodgkin lymphomas and B-cell lymphomas
|
|
BRST II (GCDFP-15) |
2003472
- Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15
- Produced by cells with apocrine function
- Differentiation marker for mammary carcinomas
- Extramammary Paget disease
|
|
C4d |
2003475
- Deposits in peritubular capillary might distinguish between Acute Humoral Rejection (AHR) and Acute Cellular Rejection (ACR).
- AHR: deposits prominently and diffusely in the peritubular capillaries, intense staining has been seen in a widespread, uniform distribution
|
|
CA-125 (OC 125) |
2003478
- High molecular weight glycoprotein
- Expressed by normal epithelial cells of the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, fallopian tube, endometrium, and endocervix
- Aids in identifying non-mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinomas, serous and endometrioid adenocarcinomas, Krukenberg tumors, and uterine myomas
|
|
Calcitonin |
2003481
- Thyroid parafollicular cells (C-cells)
- Thyroid medullary carcinomas
|
|
Caldesmon (h-CD) |
2003484
- High molecular weight isoform is H-caldesmon
- Calcium-, calmodulin-, tropomyosin-, and actin-binding protein
- Regulates smooth muscle contraction
- Aids in identifying angioleiomyomas, glomus tumors, GIST, some endometrial stromal tumors, and uterine smooth muscle tumors (benign or malignant)
- Differentiates uterine smooth muscle (usually positive) and endometrial stromal differentiation (usually negative)
|
|
Calponin |
2003487
- Can be used to characterize the differentiation process of mammary myoepithelial cells in the developing mammary glad, investigate the nature of myoepithelial cells and to study the development of human smooth muscle cells.
- High expression might be used as an additional marker of vascular smooth muscle cells, myopithelial cells in normal and benign human mammary gland, and certain stromal myofibroblasts.
|
|
Calretinin |
2003490
- Calcium-binding protein
- Mesothelial cells: 89% sensitive, 90% specific for differentiating mesotheliomas from lung adenocarcinomas
- Aids in identifying mesothelial hyperplasia and epithelioid mesotheliomas
|
|
CAM 5.2 LMW (CK 8/18) |
2003493
- Cytokeratin 8/18 , low molecular weight cytokeratin
- Hepatocellular and renal cell carcinomas
- Aids in identifying neuroendocrine carcinoma, melanomas (3%), nuclear inclusions of rhabdoid tumors (composed of tangled intermediate filaments made up of CK8 and vimentin), and mutations associated with idiopathic cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis
|
|
Caspase 3 |
2003496
CCP32:
- Control mediator of apoptosis
- Present in epithelial cells of the skin, renal proximal tubules and collecting ducts, epithelioreticular cells of the thymus and bronchial, colonic and salivary duct epithelia, chondrocytes, bone osteocytes, megakaryocytes, mature neutrophils of bone marrow, and plasma cells of the tonsil, lymph node, and bone marrow
- Expressed by most intermediate to high-grade non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas, mantle cell lymphomas, Burkitt lymphomas, and immunoblastic lymphomas
|
|
CCC9 |
2003499
Complement Component C9:
- Final protein of the membrane attack complex
- Pore forming protein found in cytotoxic T-cells
|
|
CD10 (CALLA) |
2003523
- Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA)
- Aids in identifying lymphoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and CML
- Aids in differential diagnosis of small B-cell lymphomas and subtyping of lymphoblastic leukemias
|
|
CD117 (c-kit) |
2003806
- Proto-oncogene
- Inhibitor of apoptotic cell death
- Aids in identifying small and large cell lung carcinomas, GIST, AML, CML (in blast crisis), breast carcinomas, glioblastomas and melanomas
|
|
CD123 |
2003809
- A marker of dendric cell precursors: is expressed by plasmactoid monocytes, dendric cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
|
|
CD138 (Syndecan-1) |
2003812
- Transmembrane heparin sulphate glycoprotein
- Expressed by normal lymphoid cells, IgG plasma cells, Pre B-cells and immature B-cells
- Co-receptor for differentiation growth factors
- Differentiates squamous cell carcinomas, postgerminal center B-cells, and plasma cells
- Expressed in plasma cells of CLL, plasmacytoid lymphomas, and myelomas
|
|
CD14 |
2003526
- Acts as a co-receptor for the detection of bacterial lipolysaccharide (LPS).
- Expressed on cells of myelo-monocytic llineage, including monocytes, macrophages and Langerhan’s cells.
|
|
CD15 (Leu M1) |
2003529
- Hapten X
- Present in Reed-Sternberg cells, 90% granulocytes, 30-60% monocytes
- Absent from lymphocytes
- Expressed by some non-Hodgkin lymphomas, mycosis fungoides and some leukemias
|
|
CD163 |
2003815
- Is restricted in its expression to the monocytic/macrophage lineage.
- Is present on all circulating monocytes and most tissue macrophages except those found in mantle zone and germinal centers of lymphoid follicles, interdigitating reticulum cells and Langerhan’s cells.
|
|
CD19 |
2005114
CD19:
- CD19 is to be used in a panel of antibodies to aid in the characterization of B-cell malignancies. The pattern or reactivity is membranous.
- In normal tissues, the CD19 (clone BT51E) detects protein expressed on the membrane of cells of the B-cell lineage. Staining is seen in the mantle zones and germinal centers of tonsil and tissue infiltrating B-lymphocytes.
- CD19 is detected in hematological malignancies including: 95% of B-cell lymphomas including small lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma, and lymphoblastic lymphoma; 75% of B-cell leukemias including small lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hairy cell leukemia.
|
|
CD1a (Histocytosis) |
2003502
- Non-polymorphic MHC class I-related cell surface glycoprotein
- Expressed by interdigitating reticulum cells, cortical thymocytes, thymomas, langerhans cells and Langerhans histiocytosis cells (histiocytosis X)
- Aids in identifying some T-cell lymphomas and leukemias
|
|
CD2 |
2003505
- Mediates adhesion of activated T-cells and thymocytes with antigen-presenting and target cells
- Expressed by T-lymphocytes and cortical thymocytes
- Aids in identifying natural killer cells and most malignant cells of T-cell origin
|
|
CD20 (L26) |
2003532
- Expressed on B-cell precursors and mature B-cells, but lost following differentiation into plasma cells
- B-lymphocytes: germinal center cells, mantle zone lymphocytes, and interfollicular lymphocytes, but not T-cells, plasma cells, or histiocytes
- Aids in identifying common acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CLL, prolymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, lymphoma cell leukemia, B-cell lymphomas, including Burkitt, Waldenstrom, and immunoblastic B-cell
- May show some membrane staining of Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphoma
|
|
CD21 |
2003535
- C3D receptor, CR2, and EBV receptor
- Expressed by follicular dendritic cells, mature B-cells, some types of epithelial cells, reactive hyperplasia, and plasma cells
- Low expression on T-cell ALL cells, subset of normal thymocytes and mature T-cells, lymphocytes in the mantle zone, sinus lining cells, and monocytoid B-cells
- Aids in identifying B-cell CLL, follicular lymphoma, low-grade MALT-type B-cell lymphoma, primary salivary gland and gastric lymphoma, T-cell and histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular dendritic sarcoma and some Reed-Sternberg cells not expressing other B- or T-cell-associated markers.
|
|
CD23 |
2003541
- Expressed by activated B-lymphocytes, activated macrophages, and a portion of follicular dendritic cells
- Aids in differentiating small lymphocytic lymphoma (+) and mantle cell lymphoma (-)
|
|
CD25 |
2003544
- Mediates helper, suppressor, and cytotoxic functions
- Expressed on T-cells, HTLV-1-transformed T- and B-cells, EVB-transformed B-cells, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes
- Aids in study of inflammatory and malignant conditions
|
|
CD3 |
2003508
- Binds to the non-glycosylated epsilon chain of CD3 complex
- Present in T-lymphocytes, thymocytes/early thymocytes
- Expressed on normal and neoplastic T-cells
|
|
CD30 (Ki-1) |
2003547
- Ki-1 positive lymphoma
- Ber-H2
- Expressed by activated B- and T-lymphocytes, Reed-Sternberg cells
- Aids in identifying Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphomatoid papulosis, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, some peripheral pleomorphic T-cell lymphomas (both HTLV-1 positive and negative) including those of angioimmunoblastic type and Lennert type and embryonal carcinoma
|
|
CD31 |
2003550
- Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule
- Expressed by endothelial cells
- Glycoprotein in platelets
- Aids in evaluating vascularization in normal and neoplastic tissue and demonstrating endothelial cellderived tumors
|
|
CD34 (QBEND10) |
2003556
- Human progenitor cell antigen
- Present in immature hematopoietic cells and vascular endothelial cells
- Expressed by some acute myeloid leukemias, undifferentiated leukemias, and acute lymphoblastic leukemias
|
|
CD35 |
2003559
- Mediates neutrophil and monocte phagocytosis of particles coated with C3b and or C4b
- Shows strong staining pattern on follicular dendritic cells
- Aids in characterization of histocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms and follicular dendritic cell sarcomas
|
|
CD4 |
2003511
- Present on a subset of helper/inducer T-cells, thymocytes, and at a lower level on monocytes
- Aids in identifying cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, including mycosis fungoides and HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma
|
|
CD42b |
2003565
- Platelet glycoprotein Ib
- Expressed on platelets and megakaryocytes in bone marrow
- Aids in phenotyping megakaryoblastic leukemias
- Absence of CD42b on platelets may indicate Bernard-Soulier syndrome
|
|
CD43 (L60) (Leu22) |
2003568
- Expressed on T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and granulocytes
- Aids in identifying cells of lymphoid lineage and T-cell lymphomas, and mantle cell lymphomas
|
|
CD44 |
2003571
- Expression is lower in Burkitt lymphoma than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, although we don’t routinely use this clinically
|
|
CD45 LCA |
2003574
Leukocyte common antigen —:
- Expressed on the majority of leukocytes
- Aids in differentiating lymphoid from non-lymphoid neoplasms
|
|
CD5 |
2003514
- Expressed in T-lymphocytes, thymocytes and subset of B-lymphocytes in lymph nodes
- Aids in identifying T-cell leukemias, most B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL) and mantle cell lymphomas/T- and B-cell lymphomas
|
|
CD52 (Campath) |
2003586
- Expressed by lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, thymocytes, and macrophages
- Expressed by most lymphoid-derived malignancies
- Variable expression on myeloma cell
|
|
CD56 |
2003589
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) —:
- Expressed on natural killer cells and most neuroectodermal tissues
- Retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma
|
|
CD57 |
2003592
Leu-7, HNK1:
- Expressed by a subset of natural killer cells and some T-lymphocytes
- Reacts with myelin-associated glycoprotein in neuroectodermal tissue
- Aids in identifying small cell lung carcinoma, NK lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC), NK and T-cell subset tumors and neural tissue neoplasms
|
|
CD61 (gpIIIa) |
2003595
Platelet glycoprotein IIIa:
- Expressed on platelets and megakaryocytes
- Specific for cells showing megakaryoblastic differentiation
- Aids in identifying megakaryocytic/megakaryoblastic leukemias
|
|
CD68 |
2003598
KP-1:
- Expressed by Macrophages, blood monocytes, mast cells, and the cell population known as "plasmacytoid T-cells" in reactive lymph nodes
- Strong to moderate staining in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), true histiocytic neoplasia, melanoma, and some B-cell neoplasms (usually small lymphocytic lymphoma [SLL]) and weak staining in hairy cell leukemia
- Weak staining in hairy cell leukemia
|
|
CD79a |
2003800
- Expressed on pre B-cells until plasma cell stage
- Found as intracellular component in plasma cells
- Aids in identifying acute leukemia of precursor B-cell type (common ALL), B-cell lymphomas and some myelomas
|
|
CD8 |
2003520
- Expressed on a cytotoxic/suppressor subset of T-lymphocyte natural killer cells, thymocytes, and on a subpopulation of null cells
- Aids in identifying T-cell lymphomas/leukemias
|
|
CD99 (013) |
2004055
- MIC2 gene products
- Glycoprotein HBA 71 antigen
- Aids in identifying primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumors, peripheral neuroepitheliomas, Ewing sarcoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma
|
|
CDK4 |
2005534
CDK4:
- CDK4 distinguishes well differentiated liposarcoma (positive) from benign adipose tumors (negative) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (positive) from poorly differentiated sarcomas (negative); CDK4 is more specific but less sensitive than MDM2.
|
|
CDX2 |
2003821
- Exclusively marks nuclei of colonic epithelial cells and colorectal cancers
- May be involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation in intestinal epithelial cells
- May be used identifying metastatic colon carcinoma
|
|
CEA (monoclonal) |
2003824
Carcinoembryonic antigen:
- Specific marker for colon carcinoma
- Associated with other cancers: breast, stomach, and lung (see CEA polycolonal)
|
|
CEA (polyclonal) |
2003827
CD56e; biliary glycoprotein 1:
- Reacts with CEA and CEA-like proteins
- Normal colon: small intestinal crypts and apical surfaces of epithelial cells, small intestinal goblet cell mucin (not intracytoplasmic)
- Breast: some epithelial cell membranes expressed
- Liver: biliary tract, hepatocytes are positive
- Lung adenocarcinomas or mesotheliomas: 85% sensitive, 96% specific for lung adenocarcinoma, diffuse cytoplasmic staining with membrane enhancement
- Hepatocellular or non-hepatocellular carcinomas: canalicular pattern has 50-90% sensitivity for hepatocellular carcinoma and greater than 95% specificity
- Present also with lung adenocarcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, colonic adenocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma
|
|
Chromogranin A |
2003830
- Expressed in neuronal cells and in secretory granules of endocrine cells: parathyroid gland, adrenal medulla, anterior pituitary gland, islet cells of the pancreas, and C-cells of the thyroid
- Aids in identifying neuroendocrine tumors: pituitary adenomas, islet cell tumors, phaeochromocytomas, medullary thyroid carcinomas, Merkel cell tumors, and carcinoids
|
|
CK 19 |
2003845
CK 19:
- Reacts with a large number of epithelial cell types, including many ductal and glandular epithelia
- Aides in identification of many benign and malignant epithelial lesions
|
|
CK 20 |
2003848
Cytokeratin 20:
- Expressed in intestinal epithelium, gastric foveolar epithelium, some endocrine cells of the upper portions of the pyloric glands, urethelium, and Merkel cells in epidermis
- Aids in identifying colorectal carcinoma, adenomas of the gallbladder and bile ducts, ductal cell adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, mucinous ovarian tumors, transitional cell carcinomas, and Merkel cell carcinomas of the skin
- Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas express CK20 to a lesser degree
|
|
CK 5/6 |
2003851
Cytokeratins 5 and 6:
- Stratified squamous epithelial cytokeratin
- Aids in diagnosing low differentiated pavement epithelium carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and mesothelioma
- Differentiates epithelial mesotheliomas (positive-cytoplasmic staining with perinuclear enhancement) from lung adenocarcinoma (89% sensitive, 95% specific)
|
|
CK 7 |
2003854
Cytokeratin 7:
- Reacts with most glandular and transitional epithelia: breast, lung, bladder, female genital tract (endometrium, fallopian tube), gastrointestinal tract (gallbladder, hepatic ducts, pancreatic ducts), urinary tract, and bile duct
- Present with subtypes of ovarian, pulmonary, and breast adenocarcinomas, transitional cell carcinomas, tumors of female genital tract (endometrium, fallopian tube), urothelial carcinomas, breast carcinomas, and lung carcinomas
|
|
CMV |
2003833
Cytomegalovirus:
- Reacts with the delayed and early DNA-binding protein p52
- Does not crossreact with other herpesviruses or adenoviruses
|
|
Cyclin D1 (SP4) |
2003842
- B-cell lymphoma-1
- Mantle cell lymphoma, various carcinomas (strong staining in carcinomas), multiple myelomas, some parathyroid adenomas, and parathyroid carcinomas
|
|
D2-40 |
2003857
- High sensitivity and specificity for lymphatic endothelium
- Can be used as a reliable lymphatic endothelial cell marker in the evaluation of lymphatic involvement in tumors
|
|
DBA.44 |
2003860
- Developed against the B-cell antigen
- Aids in identifying Hairy cell leukemia (particularly "hairy" cytoplasmic processes), some follicular center cell lymphomas, high grade B-cell lymphomas, splenic lymphomas with villous lymphocytes
|
|
Desmin |
2003863
- Intermediate filament present in smooth and striated muscle
- Expressed in reactive mesothelial cells, myoblasts, myofibroblasts (variable), endometrial stroma, and smooth muscle cells
- Aids in idenitifying smooth muscle tumors (leiomyosarcomas), myogenic sarcomas, striated muscle tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma), PNET, neuroblastomas, and intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumors
|
|
E-Cadherin |
2003869
Cellular adhesion molecule:
- Loss associated with invasive carcinoma
- Differentiates LCIS from DCIS in indeterminate breast carcinoma
- Reduced expression in invasive bladder cancer and ductal carcinoma
- No expression in lobular carcinoma and LCIS
|
|
EMA |
2003872
Epithelial membrane antigen:
- Prognostic
- Expressed by almost all glandular and ductal epithelial cells including breast and pancreas, activated T-cells, monocytes, some B-cells, follicular dendritic cells, and perineurial cells
- Aids in identifying most adenocarcinomas, anaplastic large cell lymphomas, epithelioid sarcomas, meningiomas, some mesotheliomas, myelomas, Paget disease, plasmacytomas, squamous cell tumors, and metastatic carcinomas
- Associated with invasion in pancreatic tumors
|
|
ERA (MOC-31) |
2003875
Epithelial related antigen (MOC-31):
- Aids in identifying adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, adenomas, small cell lung cancers, carcinoids, adenocystic carcinomas, and carcinosarcomas
|
|
Estrogen |
2004516
Estrogen receptor-alpha:
- Prognostic for breast cancer
- Predictive for response of breast cancers to hormonal therapy
- Differentiates endocervical from endometrial adenocarcinomas
|
|
Factor VIII |
2003881
- Associates with the von Willebrand factor
- Expressed by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes
- Aids in identifying vascular tumors
|
|
Factor XIIIa |
2003878
- Blood pro-enzyme identified in platelets, megakaryocytes, and fibroblast-like mesenchymal or histiocytic cells present in the placenta, uterus, and prostate
- Present in monocytes, macrophages, and dermal dendritic cells
- Aids in differentiating dermatofibromas, dermatosarcoma protuberans, and desmoplastic malignant melanomas
- Positive in capillary hemangioblastomas, hemangioendotheliomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, hemangiopericytomas, xanthogranulomas, glomus tumors, and meningiomas
|
|
Fli-1 |
2003887
Friend leukemia insertion site 1:
- Anti-apoptotic activity
- Expressed in heart, lung, spleen, and thymus
- Aids in identifying erythroleukemias, lymphoblastic lymphomas, and Ewing sarcomas
|
|
Gastrin |
2003896
- Expressed in G-cells of the pyloric antrum
- Aids in identifying G-cell hyperplasia and gastrin-secreting tumors
|
|
GFAP |
2003899
Glial fibrillary acidic protein:
- Expressed in astrocytes and some CNS ependymal cells
- Identifies astrocytomas and ependymomas
- Many neural tumors, such as neuroblastomas, schwannomas, and extra-CNS tumors, do not stain
|
|
Glucagon |
2003902
- Expressed in A-cells of the endocrine pancreas
- Identifies hyperplastic islet cells of the pancreas and their tumors
|
|
GLUT-1 |
2003905
- Involved in glucose transport across epithelial and endothelial barrier tissues
- Stains the membrane of normal erythrocytes in various normal and neoplastic tissues
|
|
Glycophorin A |
2003908
- Expressed in erythroid cells
- Identifies M6 subtype of acute myeloblastic leukemia, erythroleukemia, and erythroblasts
|
|
HBME 1 |
2003914
Anti-mesothelial cell:
- Has been demonstrated to immunostain the membrane and cytoplasm of normal plural and peritoneal mesothelial cells and of neoplastic epithelial mesothelioma cells.
- Although both the membrane and cytoplasm of epithelial mesothelioma cells stain positive, the thick membrane staining pattern is found to be a more diagnostically useful marker of malignant mesothelioma.
|
|
HBsAg |
2003917
Hepatitis B surface antigen:
- Expressed by liver cells infected with type-B viral hepatitis
|
|
Helicobacter pylori |
2003941
- Reacts with antigens of the H. pylori organism
|
|
Hemoglobin A |
2003926
Hgb A:
- Expressed on normoblasts in bone marrow and to a lesser degree on erythrocytes
|
|
HHV8 |
2003932
Human herpes virus type 8 (latent nuclearantigen):
- Aids in identifying multicentric Castleman disease, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathies, and Kaposi sarcoma
|
|
HMB-45 |
2003935
Melanoma-specific antigen:
- Expressed in junctional cells, blue nevus cells, and fetal and neonatal melanocytes
- Reacts with the majority of melanomas and other tumors with melanoma/melanocytic differentiation, including melanotic schwannoma clear cell sarcoma
|
|
HSA |
2003923
Hep Par-1:
- Expressed in hepatocytes
- Differentiates hepatocellular carcinomas and metastatic carcinomas
- Differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiocarcinomas, and hepatoblastomas
|
|
HSV I |
2003944
Herpes simplex virus I:
- Reacts with HSV type 1 specific antigen and antigens common for HSV types 1 and 2
|
|
HSV II |
2003954
Herpes simplex virus II:
- Reacts with HSV type 2 specific antigen and antigens common for HSV types 1 and 2
|
|
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
2003920
hCG:
- Expressed on placental trophoblasts
- Aids in identifying trophoblastic germ cell tumor
|
|
Human Growth Hormone |
2003929
HGH:
- Identifies somatotroph cells of the human adenohypophysis
- Subclassifies pituitary adenomas
- Identifies adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and large cell carcinomas of non-pituitary origin
|
|
Human Placental Lactogen |
2003938
HPL:
- Reacts with placental syncytrotrophoblastic cells
- Identifies placental site trophoblastic tumors and exaggerated placental sites
|
|
IDH1 R132H |
2005857
IDH1 R132H:
- IDH1 mutations have been proposed as a marker to distinguish primary from secondary Glioblastoma multiform (GBM).
- Clone H09 reacts specifically with the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132H point mutation in tissue sections from formalin fixed brain tumor specimens. Heterozygous point mutations of IDH1 codon 132 are frequent in grade II and grade III gliomas. IDH1 R132H mutations occur in approximately 70% of astrocytomas and oligodendroglial tumors.
- The high frequency and distribution of the IDH1 R132H mutation among specific brain tumor entities allow the highly sensitive and specific discrimination of various tumors, such as astrocytoma from primary glioblastomas or diffuse astrocytoma grade II from pilocytic astrocytoma or ependymoma.
|
|
IgA |
2003957
|
|
IgD |
2003960
|
|
IgG |
2003963
|
|
IgG4 |
2005844
IgG4:
- IgG4-related sclerosing disease has been recognized as a systemic disease entity characterized by an elevated serum IgG4 level, sclerosing fibrosis and diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with the presence of many IgG4-positive plasma cells. It is important to recognize this entity and differentiate it from such mimics as lymphoma.
- Immunohistochemical analysis in the cases of IgG4-related sclerosing disease exhibits significantly more IgG4 positive plasma cells in affected tissues.
- Clinical manifestations are apparent in the pancreas, bile duct, gallbladder, lacrimal gland, salivary gland, retroperitoneum, kidney, lung, breast thyroid, and prostate.
|
|
IgM |
2003966
|
|
Inhibin |
2003969
- Expressed in Sertoli cells, granulosa cells, and prostate, brain, and adrenal cells
- Present in sex-cord stromal tumors (including Sertoli cell tumors), adrenocortical tumors, placental and
gestational trophoblastic lesions, granular cell tumors of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts, and
some carcinomas
|
|
Insulin |
2003972
- Secreted by B-cells of the islets of Langerhans
- Identifies insulin-producing islet cell tumors, hyperplastic islet cells, and islet cells originating in pancreatic ductules
|
|
IRF-4 (MUM 1) |
2003975
- Transcription factor required for B- and T-cell development
- Expressed in a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and used in cell of origin classification
- Aids in the differential diagnosis of PEL among other lymphomas involving the serous body cavities
|
|
Kappa |
2003981
- Reacts with free kappa chains and those in intact immunoglobulin molecules
- Restricted expression suggests monoclonality and neoplastic process
|
|
Keratin 903 (HMW) |
2003978
High molecular weight keratin, 34βE12:
- Specific to prostate basal cells
- Rules out prostatic adenocarcinoma
- High grade PIN demonstrates K 903 staining
- Identifies squamous cell carcinomas, urothelial carcinomas, adenocarcinomas of ductal origin (breast, pancreas), and small benign acinar lesions of the prostate
- Aids in differentiating mesotheliomas from lung adenocarcinomas
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|
Ki-67 (Mib-1) |
2004519
- Proliferation index indicator
- Determines growth fraction
- Aids in differentiating melanoma from nevus cells for sentinel node biopsy
- Distinguishes benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors
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Lambda |
2003984
- Reacts with free lambda chains and those in intact immunoglobulin molecules
- Restricted expression suggests monoclonality and neoplastic process
|
|
Laminin |
2003987
- Reacts with receptors at cell surfaces, which results in changes in behavior of cells during embryonic development and regeneration.
|
|
Lysozyme (Muramidase) |
2003990
- Histiocytic and bacteriolytic enzyme
- Present in granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, histiocytes, normal hematopoietic cells, and some epithelial cells
- Present in myeloid leukemias
|
|
Mast Cell Tryptase |
2003993
- Present in secretory granules of mast cells
- Present with inflammatory diseases
|
|
Melan A |
2003996
- MART-1 antigen
- Expressed in melanocytes, steroid-producing cells of the adrenal cortex, ovary, and testis
- Identifies melanomas, adrenocortical tumors, Leydig tumors of the testis, and Sertoli-Leydig ovarian tumors
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|
Muc-1 Glycoprotein |
2004002
- Expressed in mucin-secreting epithelial cells of normal endometrium, kidney, lung, pancreas, and stomach
- Utilized in the detection of Muc-1 glycoprotein in benign and malignant tumors
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|
Muc-2 Glycoprotein |
2004005
Mucin core protein:
- Expressed in intestinal goblet cells
- Predicts colorectal origin for Paget disease
- Identifies mucinous, colonic, and gastric tumors
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|
Muc-4 Glycoprotein |
2004008
- Stains stomach, colon, and the endothelial cells of small blood vessels and capillaries
- Strong positive staining in colon polyps, colon carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma
- Positive staining also demonstrated in lung adenocarcinoma and ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma
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|
Muc-5AC Glycoprotein |
2003999
- Expressed in stomach and endocervical glands
- Expressed in extramammary Paget disease
- Characterizes mucin expression in interstitial metaplasia and gastric tumors
|
|
Muscle Specific Actin |
2004011
- Present in skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle, and myoepithelial cells
- Identifies soft tissue tumors with muscle differentiation (leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas), some pleomorphic liposarcomas, the majority of glomus tumors, occasional desmoid tumors, and myofibroblasts in some lesions
|
|
Myeloperoxidase |
2004014
MPO:
- Reacts with myeloperoxidase from granulocytes
- Aids in differentiating lymphoid leukemias from myeloid leukemias
- Identifies granulocytic sarcomas
|
|
Myf-4 |
2004017
- Expressed early in skeletal muscle differentiation.
- Is a sensitive and specific marker for rhabdomyosarcoma.
- Is more specific than desmin and muscle-specific actin and more sensitive than myoglobin.
|
|
Myoglobin |
2004031
- Oxygen binding protein
- Expressed by striated muscle (cardiac, skeletal)
- Present in rhabdomyosarcoma and other tumors with skeletal muscle differentiation
|
|
Myosin |
2004034
- Contractile protein
- Expressed in smooth muscle (non-sarcomeric) and skeletal muscle (sarcomeric) forms
- Aids in muscle differentiation
|
|
NeuN |
2004046
- Aids in the definitive identification of neuronal elements in ganglion cell tumors or hamartomas, in which a distinction between atypical glial cells and neurons may be difficult.
- May be used, similarly, for the study of neuronal loss in epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, or other conditions
|
|
Neurofilament (68kD) |
2004049
- Cytoskeletal element in nerve axons/dendrites
- Reacts with neurons, neuronal processes, peripheral nerves, sympathetic ganglion cells, and adrenal medulla
- Identifies neuroblastoma and gangliomas
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|
NSE |
2004052
Neuron-specific enolase:
- Expressed by neuronal or neuroendocrine cells and their tumors: neuroblastomas and retinoblastomas
- May label non-neuronal tumors: meningiomas, medulloblastomas, astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligoastrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, pituitary adenomas, schwannomas, ependymomas, meningosarcomas, gliosarcomas, small cell lung cancer, melanomas, and germ cell tumors
|
|
Oct 3/4 |
2004058
- Expressed by embryonic stem cells and germ cells.
- Has been reported to be expressed in germ cell tumors and their metastases which exhibit features of pluripotentiality including seminoma/dysgerminoma/germinoma and embryonial carcinoma.
- Has been proposed as a useful marker for germ cell tumors and to assist in establishing a germ cell origin for some metastatic tomors of uncertain primary origin.
|
|
Oct-2 |
2004061
Octamer-binding transcription factor 2:
- Aids in differentiating Hodgkin lymphomas (typically weak to negative) and B-cell lymphomas
|
|
p16 |
2004064
F-12:
- Negative regulator of the cell cycle
- Prognostic significance (breast, colon, stomach, lung, and pituitary)
|
|
p21 |
2004067
WAF1/Cip1:
- Inhibits and blocks cell cycle progression
- Present in melanomas, pancreatic carcinomas, cervical carcinomas, thymomas, thyroid carcinomas, breast carcinomas, head and neck carcinomas, colon carcinomas, and Hodgkin lymphoma
|
|
p27 |
2004070
Kip1:
- Regulates progression from G¹ into S phase
- Loss may contribute to oncogenesis and tumor progression
- Prognostic significance (breast, colon, stomach, lung, and pituitary)
|
|
P504S |
2004076
- Prostate
- α-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMCAR)
- Specific for prostate adenocarcinomas
- Detected in two premalignant lesions: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
|
|
p53 |
2004522
- Tumor suppressor protein; prognostic indicator
|
|
P57/kip2 |
2005542
P57/kip2:
- p57/kip2 has been used as an aide in identification of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) (no nuclear labeling of cytotrophoblasts) from partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) and hydropic abortion.
|
|
p63 |
2004073
- Differentiates prostatic adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic tissue.
- Also distinguishes poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma from small cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.
|
|
PAP |
2004079
Prostate acid phosphatase:
- Reacts with prostatic epithelial cells and hyperplastic prostate
- Present in carcinomas of the prostate and metastatic cells of prostate carcinoma, bladder carcinomas, and carcinoid tumors
|
|
Parathyroid Hormone |
2004118
PTH:
- Reacts with parathyroid epithelial cells
- Present in adenomas and primary and secondary hyperplasias
|
|
PAX-5 |
2004082
- Member of the paired box family
- B-cell-specific activator protein (BSAP)
- Expressed in pro-, pre-, and mature B-cells, but not in plasma cells
- Present in pre B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias and classic Hodgkin lymphomas
- Aids in differential diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas or plasmacytomas
|
|
PD1 |
2004085
- Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas are the only hematopoietic tumors that are positive for PD1 protein.
- In tonsil and lymph tissues the protein is expressed on T-cells and some B-cells of the light zone of germinal centers.
|
|
PGP 9.5 |
2004091
Protein gene product 9.5:
- Expressed in neurons, neuroendocrine cells, and melanocytes
- Present in neuronal neoplasias (carcinoid tumors)
|
|
PHF-Tau |
2004094
- Tau is abnormally phosphorlated in Alzheimer´s disease
- Main component in paired helical filaments (PHFs) and neurofibrillary tangles
|
|
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase |
2004097
PLAP:
- Expressed by placenta
- Present in most germ cell tumors, and breast, lung, stomach, pancreas, and ovarian carcinomas
|
|
Pneumocystis jiroveci (pneumocystis carinii) |
2004103
Pneumocystis jiroveci (pneumocystis carinii):
- Detects presence of Pneumocystis jiroveci in infected tissue and free trophozoites
|
|
Procollagen I |
2004106
- Secreted by fibroblasts into the extracellular matrix, where it is cleaved to form collagen
- Expression and secretion of procollagen is an important feature of wound-healing and tissue-repair processes to which the desmoplastic stroma of malignancy have sometimes been compared
|
|
Progesterone |
2004525
- Identifies A and B forms of progesterone
- Predictive of response to hormone therapy for breast carcinoma and endometrial cancer
- Aids in differentiating endocervical from endometrial adenocarcinomas
|
|
Prolactin |
2004109
- Produced in the anterior pituitary gland
- Subclassifies pituitary adenomas
|
|
PSA |
2004112
Prostate-specific antigen:
- Expressed by prostatic glandular epithelial cells and periurethral and perianal glands
- Present in prostatic carcinomas, tumors of the colon, liver, lung, parotid, adrenal, and ovary, and, rarely, in metaplasias of the bladder walls
|
|
PTEN |
2004115
MMAC1, TEP1:
- Suppresses cellular proliferation
- Expressed on prostate epithelium, some breast ductal epithelium, lower crypts of gastric mucosa, and some glial cells
|
|
RCC |
2004124
Renal cell carcinoma:
- Localized along the brush border of the pars convolute and pars recta segments of the proximal tubule and focally along the luminal surface of Bowman’s capsule.
- Of normal tissues, is also localized along the luminal surface of breast lobules and ducts, the luminal surface of the epididymal tubular epithelium, within the cytoplasm of the parathyroid parenchymal cells and focally within the colloid of thyroid follicles.
|
|
S-100 |
2004127
- Brain protein composed of S-100a and S-100b
- Expressed in neural crest (Schwann cells, melanocytes, glial cells), chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoepithelial cells, macrophages, Langerhans cells, and dendritic cells
- Present in 95% of melanomas (including desmoplastic and spindle cell tumors), 50% of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, clear cell sarcomas, and occasional breast and undifferentiated carcinomas
|
|
SALL4 |
2005432
SALL4:
- SALL4 is a highly sensitive marker for gonadal seminoma/dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinomas, and yolk sac tumor as well as their metastatic form, including those metastasizing to the CNS.
- An immunohistochemical panel, including SALL4, OCT4, and CD30, will help to solve this diagnostic difficulty. Germinoma will be positive for both SALL4 and OCT4 but negative for CD30, whereas embryonal carcinoma will show SALL4+/OCT4+/CD30+ profile and yolk sac tumor will show SALL4+/OCT4-/CD30- profile.
|
|
Smooth Muscle Actin |
2004130
- Reacts with the alpha-smooth muscle isoform
- Present in smooth muscle cells of vessels, parenchymes, myoepithelial cells, pericytes, and some stromal cells in the intestine, testis, and ovary
- Aids in differentiating leiomyosarcoma from rhabdomyosarcoma
|
|
SV-40 |
2004137
- Closely related to BK Virus and JC Virus
- Used to identify all polymavirus infections due to cross-reactivity between SV-40 and BK Virus and JC Virus.
|
|
Synaptophysin |
2004139
- Labels neuroendocrine cells and neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and retina
- Present in neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine tumors of epithelial type
|
|
TdT |
2004142
- Used in subtyping of blastic leukemias
- Positive in all Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), except Burkitt´s and B-cell FAB L-3
- Positive in Lymphoblastic crisis of Chromic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML-BC-ALL) and Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
- Some non-lymphocytic leukemias express positivity, but there is less intensity and greater variability
|
|
Thyroglobulin |
2004145
- Protein synthesized by the follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid
- Aids in the localization of thyroglobulin in hyperplastic and neoplastic thyroid and in monitoring of patients after treatment for follicular carcinomas
|
|
TIA-1 |
2004148
T-cell intracytoplasmic antigen:
- Reacts with 50-60% of CD8 lymphocytes, 10% of CD4 lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, activated CD4 T-cells, activated NK cells, and con A-activated thymocytes
- Aids in differentiating T-cell leukemias and lymphomas from B-cell leukemias and lymphomas
|
|
Toxoplasmosis |
2004157
- Detects the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in infected tissues
|
|
TRAP |
2004160
- Found in hairy cells, osteoclasts, activated macrophages, and giant cells
- Useful as a marker for hairy cell leukemia in bone marrow
|
|
TTF-1 |
2004166
Thyroid transcription factor-1:
- Expressed in lung and thyroid epithelial cells
- Present in pulmonary small cell carcinomas, some pulmonary non-small cell carcinomas, papillary carcinomas, follicular carcinomas and goiter, thyroid medullary carcinomas, and thyroid papillary carcinomas
- Aids in differentiating pulmonary adenocarcinomas from breast carcinomas
|
|
Ubiquitin |
2004169
- Detects intracellular ubiquinated filamentous inclusions in the periphery of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease and Lewy bodies in Parkinson disease
|
|
Ulex Europaeus |
2004172
- Plant lectin
- Recognizes sugar moieties (H antigen corresponding to O blood group) in endothelial cells and epithelium
- Present in angiosarcomas
|
|
VEGF-C |
2004175
- Ligand for both VEGFR-2 (FLK1) and VEGFR-3 (FLT4)
- Major regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis
|
|
Villin |
2004178
- Sensitive and relatively specific for gastrointestinal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- Aids in differentiating metastatic colon adenocarcinomas from lung adenocarcinomas
|
|
Vimentin |
2004181
- Aids in identifying Melanomas and schwannomas
|
|
WT-1 |
2004184
- Aids in identifying Wilms´ tumor, mesotheliomas
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